LETTER TO THE EDITOR:
CAR SAFETY, PERFORMANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RATINGS DEPEND ON
MORE FACTORS THAN JUST AGE
In coming to a decision on whether to impose a mandatory
12-year cap on the lifespan of private vehicles, the Ministry of Transport
should consider the feedback of citizens, organisations and professional
bodies. (The Star, 20 Nov 2013). The
safety, performance and environmental ratings of vehicles depend on more
factors than just their age.
The automotive industry, understandably, sees increased sales
as a much-needed shot in the arm for the industry and the nation's
economy. However, from an environmental point of view, purchasing used goods,
including automobiles, is a wise decision as it reduces the need to extract and
transport raw materials. Buying a car the second time around also means we
avoid consuming all the energy used in producing and
transporting a new vehicle, and hence significantly reducing the generation of
waste matter and carbon emissions.
The environmental cost of a new car is high. Researchers at the Heidelberg Environment and Forecasting Institute who computed the financial, environmental and health impacts of a medium-sized car found evidence to confirm that long before the car has reached the showroom, it has produced significant amounts of damage to air, water and land ecosystems through the extraction of raw materials alone. A 2004 analysis by Toyota found that as much as 28 percent of the carbon dioxide emissions generated during the lifecycle of a typical petroleum-powered car can occur during its manufacture and its transportation to the dealer; the remaining emissions occur during driving once its new owner takes possession. Even new hybrid vehicles, despite lower emissions and better mileage, actually have a much larger environmental impact in their manufacture, compared to non-hybrids. The batteries that store energy for the drivetrain and having two engines under one hood all increase manufacturing emissions. Thus, the environmental impact of manufacturing a car extends way beyond the car's useful life.
According to Andrew Davis, director of the UK Environmental Transport Association, "Of all the main environmental variables involved with buying a car - size, pollutants, age, speed, etc – whether to buy new or used is the least important. It is the length of time a car is kept that is crucial. The average car is kept for four years. Buying a new car and keeping it for its entire life is more environmentally friendly than buying a one-year-old car every year".
The Transport Minister’s argument that a 12-year cap on thelifespan of cars is “in the public interest” and that it “would not create anunnecessary financial burden” on citizens is not supported by evidence. There
are currently insufficient realistic alternatives to private vehicle ownership
in Malaysia. The public transport system is often unreliable and unavailable to
those living outside the city centre. High crime rates have made walking,
cycling and waiting for public transport unsafe and unattractive options for many.
Most employers are still unable or unwilling to offer employees the option of
telecommuting or working from home to reduce the need for driving and
commuting. A 12-year cap on private vehicle lifespan would almost certainly
place an additional economic burden on citizens forced to take up loans for new
vehicles.
From a vehicle safety and performance perspective, it is
foreseeable that many lower-income individuals forced to give up sturdier older
vehicles would be able to afford nothing more than the cheapest cars which have
low safety ratings and negligible safety features. Thus, forcing vehicle owners
to replace their old cars would not only increase household debt, but also have
an adverse impact on road safety and traffic accident survival rates.
Claiming that older cars are unsafe and not roadworthy is overly
simplistic, while setting a lifespan cap of 12 years is arbitrary. The articleciting the statements of the Director-General of the Malaysian Institute ofRoad Safety Research (MIROS) does not provide traffic accident statistics or
indicate the percentage of vehicles involved in accidents that are above 12
years old.
The performance of cars depends on many factors, including the
frequency and quality of service and maintenance, and whether repairs and
modifications are made to improve efficiency. Vehicle and road safety almost
always depends on factors such as the vehicle condition (steering, brakes and
tyres), the driver’s mental and physical condition, and road and traffic
conditions (lighting, weather conditions, visibility). Whether someone is
likely to survive a major road accident depends on other safety factors such as
the weight, height and length of the vehicle, vehicle construction (e.g. pickup
trucks and SUVs may have bettter reinforcement and safety cage designs),
seatbelt use, airbags and head restraints (i.e. headrests to prevent whiplash
injury). None of these are dependent on the age of a car. Many safety features
could be easily retrofitted into older cars, while newer cars that are cheaply
built, poorly maintained or have an existing crash history would not fare
better than older vehicles in an accident.
The idea that we should replace our cars merely because they
are 'old' has no economic or environmental legitimacy. Ultimately, how and when we choose to drive,
and how we maintain our vehicles, are more important than whether we buy used or
new cars when considering the question of how safe, efficient or
environmentally sound a vehicle is.
WONG EE LYNN
COORDINATOR, GREEN
LIVING SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP
MALAYSIAN NATURE
SOCIETY (MNS)
